Nature of Poverty Essay Example for Free

Nature of Poverty Essay The idea of neediness can be portrayed from multiple points of view. The undeniable method to clarify destitution is the absence of salary. Be that as it may, in the more profound importance, neediness additionally incorporates the individuals who absence of security, social insurance, power, and other fundamental necessities. Neediness can be arranged as far as supreme destitution and relative neediness. Supreme neediness is family based measure by salary every year under a measurement created by government which will help the individuals who are poor by giving them cash contingent upon the quantity of individuals in the family on a yearly premise. While, relative destitution center around people’s living with no measurement. For example, if a family has 10 individuals yet they have just 3 vehicles, they can be viewed as poor. All things considered, there are three regular strategies that utilization to gauge the degree of neediness. The principal strategy characterizes neediness as an absence of pay, which can be estimated by World Bank. The outright neediness for this case is a cut up point above or beneath the specific measure of pay. However, this technique has a significant disadvantage. Since it centers exclusively around salary and disregarding other significant factors, for example, social prosperity or the general government assistance of individuals, this technique neglects to give the entire part of neediness. Furthermore, UNDP measures neediness regarding the absence of capacity. It is known as Human Poverty Index that shows the way of life of the individuals in the nation, which are future, life fulfillment, and impression. This strategy give further as well as more extensive methods of estimating and surveying destitution. It looks pass the pay factor and mulls over the non-fiscal viewpoints, which produce the more balanced data and results. Be that as it may, there are a few pundits that this strategy can't really quantify the degree of the poor since insights and numerals can't gauge people’s emotions. It is said that we can't realize how others feel except if we stroll from their perspective, in this manner, so as to get the exact outcome, living with the poor is required. Finally, destitution as a social avoidance is referenced by Robert Chambers about the idea of neediness. Chambers presents the base up hypothesis, which proposes that individuals ought to really work with the provincial poor who absence of capacity to stand up, security, and live with fears. Subsequently, the methodology is completed to get a top to bottom comprehension of what are the genuine implications of destitution by partner straightforwardly with poor people. By this view, Chambers will in general give subjective technique while different strategies are quantitative based. In spite of the fact that this methodâ provides valuable data of poor people, there are scarcely any imperfections to be thought of. Since the result is mostly founded on subjective strategies, for example, verbal correspondence, there is a high propensity that the result will be inclination. Besides, depiction may happen. For instance, the meeting directed during the collect season may improve result than the genuine reality. In this way, the drawn out picture ought to be considering all together for the result to be more anthological and longitudinal. Another issue is that individuals may not be straightforward, which is called politeness inclination. Along these lines individuals will just answer what the specialists need to hear and forget about reality. In this manner, now and again specialists may solicit them to draw the image from their life, which ends up being a superior method to find the genuine solution. Chambers speaks progressively about weakness and confinement of individuals. For instance, the poor can't move to sell the merchandise. Taking everything into account, there are a few different ways to gauge the degree of destitution. Three most basic strategies are the absence of pay, HPI by UNDP (absence of ability) and social rejection by Robert Chambers. Every technique utilizes diverse reasonable and variables to show the degree of destitution, all have their own focal points and reactions. In this way, every one is reasonable and proper in various circumstances and purposes. In any case, as I would like to think, despite the fact that, the absence of pay strategy may be simpler to quantify and evaluate, the social avoidance hypothesis by Robert Chambers could give the genuine prosperity of individuals since it incorporates the significant of non-fiscal components that are pivotal for the government assistance of individuals.

applications of technology essays

uses of innovation papers A statement I heard commonly when I was in secondary school and which I presently realize follows back to Sir Francis Bacon, one of our most punctual researcher or scholars as they were then called, is the announcement Information Is Power. Today, I accept that the more full, increasingly right proclamation is to state, the use of information is power. The investigation of science, and innovation subjects will more extensive our chances throughout everyday life. As we keep on progressing to the 21st century-now lesser than 30 days away-we are very much aware that innovation is potentially the most sultry modern product around the globe today. In the years ahead, it will be an inexorably basic factor in deciding the achievement or disappointment of organizations. It is the fuel a large number of us are taking a gander at to assist us with winning this race to the 21st century. To do that, we should make innovation matter. In this paper I am going to share my innovation conjectures. I attempt to concentrate on my new figures 10 years into the future - the primary decade of the 21st century, since that is the way far most organizations should be looking forward. There has never been an impartial or worth free, innovation. All innovations are power. They bring out financial and social results in direct extent to their disengagement of the current economy and its establishments. I accept that advances, for example, biotechnology and hereditary building, wise materials, the scaling down of gadgets, and savvy fabricating frameworks, and controls, will be the most sweltering innovations in the following decade. I am going to assemble a rundown of what I think as the best ten creative items that will result from those advances. Number one on the rundown is something we call hereditary. There are pharmaceutical items that will originate from the monstrous hereditary research going on around the globe today. In ten years, we will have better approaches to treat a considerable lot of our ills - from hypersensitivities to ADIS. We may see the disclosure of new strategies for treatment... <!

Privacy and Homeland Security

Presentation Privacy of people is an issue of concern. This classification is ensured under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 USC 552a. Arrangements of protection of residents ensure each person that their own distinguishing proof data ought not be gathered without legitimate authority.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Privacy and Homeland Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) alongside strategies and innovation, are abusing people’s right to protection. The data gathered about a person by the government and its specialists should just be finished with legitimate approval. The Department of Homeland Security has proceeded to keep up this data in a manner that permits its entrance by unapproved people, gatherings, or foundations. In the custom-based law, any individual who is abused by one who unlawfully meddles into their protection uncovers any close to home data, or does bogus pro duction about people’s names can start a claim. Nobody ought to be constrained to give their private data except if under the authority of the law if there should be an occurrence of examinations. The Department of Homeland Security is accused of the obligation of giving instruments to guarantee security to all Americans. Be that as it may, the need to guarantee insight makes the division try to gather individual data in differing ways. As different organizations of the DHS gather data, protection Acts require the division to give that there is authority, reason, schedule, and exposure guideline. There have been discussions about the manner in which Homeland Security officials gather data from residents. Different quarters have risen whines that the division gathers Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without lawful position. The office has additionally been blamed for illicit divulgence of individual data. Hence, this exploration demonstrates that if security is sabota ged, with the DHS works on proceeding to be under the umbrella of wellbeing, social liberties will keep on decreasing until they are non-existent. To help this postulation explanation, the report will depend exceptionally on the Privacy Act of 1974, the US Constitution, the Patriot Act, the National Defense Authorization Act, office approaches and notices, academic diaries and law audits, E-Government Act of 2002, and the Federal Records Act among others. The discoveries will be helpful in improving the utilization of agreement laws since they uncover the occasions when Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can be gathered, uncovered, or shared.Advertising Looking for examine paper on country security? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Questions This paper tries to address the accompanying inquiries: Why is the Department of Homeland Security disregarding citizens’ sacred rights in return for insurance? Shoul d the eagerness to give by and by recognizable data (PII) be intentional or required by law? Speculation Based on the above research addresses that have been raised on issues of protection and country security, the paper guesses that the United States residents are eager to surrender their entitlement to protection for the sake of security. The ability to give by and by recognizable data (PII) ought to be made deliberate by changing different US Acts on secrecy. Survey of Literature There is a wide scope of hypothetical and reasonable writing on the issue of protection and country security. The security of the alliance of the United States of America is the most basic issue on issues of national intrigue. The calculated structure gets its power from the fourth amendment, which gives individuals the option to be liberated from any outlandish hunt as Marc reveals1. Likewise, the fourteenth amendment gives them the option to fair treatment. As indicated by Jacob, â€Å"the Harvard Law Review of 1890 gave the hypothetical premise of the rightâ to privacy†2, which has been refered to by numerous books and courts. A few previous leaders of the United States of America have been killed before. Also, the September 2001 assault on the World Trade Center by fear based oppressors found the nation napping. Since the September 11 assault, the country security has heightened its security plans, as tended to in the National Defense Authorization Act. According to William, the need to guarantee the protection of residents brought about the â€Å"formation of the security office in the Department of Homeland Security†3. Under the Privacy Act of 1974, the Department of Homeland Security is accused of the obligation of ensuring the protection all things considered. Be that as it may, straightforwardness in the Department of Homeland Security is likewise ensured under different Acts. William takes note of that straightforwardness directs the selection of various protection manages in arranging matters of security4. It likewise guarantees that the innovation received by different establishments, including the Department of Homeland Security, sticks to protection guidelines. The requirement for straightforwardness suggests the Department of Homeland Security take reasonable data Practice standards (FIPPs) in its undertaking to guarantee the protection of residents. The government laws ought to likewise direct the reason for which by and by recognizable data is to be acquired. Officials of the divisions are confined by the Privacy Act of 1974 from getting Personally Identifiable Information from residents without the correct approval. Be that as it may, the issue of security dangers in the US has constrained numerous Americans to give out quite a bit of their own as well as private data for the sake of making sure about themselves. This Act has altered their common freedom. Common freedom infringement and security issues are developing. One of the noteworthy issues in issues of protection is approval. Paul and Daniel certify that officials from the country security organizations that gather PII must have the privilege legitimate power to do the duty5. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution coordinates that unapproved people can't get by and by recognizable data from any resident in the United States.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Privacy and Homeland Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Officers from different safeguard departments must be approved to acquire private data. Not all officials are permitted to gather by and by recognizable data. Be that as it may, a large number of them from different offices inside the DHS abuse their forces to disregard the protection rights by cultivating associations with the business area and neighborhood law requirement, just as, utilizing innovation to attack people’s individual lives. They don't acquire official requ est before completing obligations identified with issues of protection. The Privacy Act 5 USC 552a secures each resident under scrutiny by the country security by guaranteeing that all data that such security officials may acquire from the person in question is utilized distinctly for the legitimately approved reason. Moreover, country security is limited by a similar Act to get just the essential and related data. Elizabeth attests that the need to guarantee security and knowledge data ought not be motivation to drive individuals into giving out all their details6. Country security guidelines on the best way to acquire data are illuminated in the Privacy Act of 1974, for instance, the Privacy Act 1974, 5 USC, 552a (e) (3). Every analytical body and organizations that look for knowledge data from different people are legally necessary to furnish such people with the Privacy Act Statement. Assortment of PII from a person without their assent as well as the arrangement of the Privacy Act Statement is viewed as unlawful. Actually, in any event, when the country security needs to gather data for different purposes other than for capacity, the Privacy Act proclamation must be given to the respondent. The need to acquire such archives like the Privacy Act Statement has made numerous security organizations partner the guidelines with snags towards fast and free access to insight data. As indicated by Jacob, numerous quarters of country security contend that country security officials ought to be permitted to get to individual data from any person abruptly or consent7. The discussion behind this way of thinking is that as the security officials set up the records as well as issue them to the supposed crooks, the hoodlums can get away or change the data, subsequently messing with the equity procedure. Protection Acts have, in this way, been related with block of knowledge in the federation. Another fundamental part of issues of protection and country security is the capacity of PII by the experts for the sake of security. The protection Act controls the revelation of individual data by country security to others or organizations.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on country security? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As indicated by William, by and by recognizable data should be protected in the most ideal manner conceivable to guarantee that no unapproved individual can get to it and that no off-base reasons, for example, surrendering a portion of the Americans’ rights so as to be sheltered as well as forestall another 9/118. Capacity and routine administration of data are additionally directed by the Privacy Act. Few out of every odd individual who works in country security can be trusted with private data. The people on whom protection data can be uncovered is likewise controlled by rules, for example, Shine the Light Law (2005) SB 27 and CA Civil Code 1798.83). Such people are balanced dependent on whether the

Using the Best Techniques to Write a Speech Essay

Using the Best Techniques to Write a Speech EssayIf you are reading this then you are probably a first time writer and have decided to use samples of speech essays to write for an upcoming school essay or presentation. While most essays for an upcoming school paper will be based on research from primary sources, it is important that all students remember that writing is an art that must be practiced by students.If you find yourself starting to get nervous and your hands start to shake at any point during the writing process then it is time to stop and reevaluate your own writing skills. As most people who give speeches or read in a school classroom know, the key to creating a powerful speech is having the power to speak from the heart. All good speakers have this power and using samples of speech essays will give you a great opportunity to improve your speech skills and get to where you want to be. While writing a speech essay may sound easy, it takes practice and creativity to fully master the art of writing a speech.First, a speech is only as good as its delivery. Good speeches give their listeners exactly what they want to hear and can make a significant impact on a person's day and career. Unfortunately, most speakers, and not to mention those who write speeches, give poor speeches and many times do not even have the passion to deliver the speech that they know they should give.If you are going to give a speech for the upcoming school paper, and a speech is what you want to do, then here are some tips on how to make your speech the best that it can be. Use samples of speech essays to increase your confidence and to improve your speechwriting skills. The best way to start is by reading the speech writing guidelines that will be found in your assignment book or in the school curriculum. These guidelines are there to help you and will give you an idea of what you should include in your speech.Next, read the sample essay that you have chosen and think about all the things that you would want to include in the speech. It is important that when you start writing your own speech, you take into consideration all of the advice that you have learned about writing from the authors of the samples of speech essays that you have used.Finally, go through the essay and rewrite all of the sentences until you find all of the important points that you want to include in your speech. Do not worry about getting it perfect, it is okay to let your imagination run wild and come up with something that you would want to say if you were the principal of a high school or visiting speaker for a school board meeting. Once you have written the speech and begin to rehearse it, then you will begin to feel comfortable in front of the audience and have better voice command abilities.Of course, do not be discouraged if you find yourself failing to write a speech. Use the samples of speech essays as a way to improve your speechwriting skills and then you will be able to write a speech that will be a great success.

Animal Farm Vocabulary Definitions, Examples

The War Of The World War I - 902 Words

War has been a terrible part of the human existence since the beginning of time. According to historians there has been only 268 years of peace out of the nearly 3,500 years that civilized humans have existed (Hedges). That is a staggering statistic showing how deep-rooted war is in the minds and hearts of people. So while war itself might be inevitable the outcome of any given conflict is anything but predictable. There are many different elements that come into play during combat but perhaps the most influential factor is geography. In fact, geography has been such an important part of war that a new field of study has emerged in recent years entitled military geography. On particular war where the affect of geography can be seen is World War I. During this war the newly formed Germany attempts to invade France and gain control over Western Europe. This was invasion was designed to be quick and decisive with Germany overwhelming Franc in as little as six weeks. However, this plan f ailed terribly and led to one of the bloodiest, most gruesome war of attrition the world as ever seen. A reason for this failure was the geography of Western Europe. The land in this region is fairly level and flat providing little to no cover for attacking forces. This geography played a pivotal role in determining the outcome of two of the most well known battles of World War I, the Battle of the Marne and the Battle of Verdun. Most people are pretty familiar with the first Battle of theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The World War I1501 Words   |  7 Pages It’s been over a century since Austria declared war on Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, sparked a war that was to end all others. It clearly did not. Countless wars and conflicts have been fought since each evolving into something different than the last. As a result, modern warfare has evolved into something completely different than that of a century ago. Alt hough war is fought for fundamentally the same reasons, warfare, as it isRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1341 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One is considered to be one of the most important events in modern world history. Lasting four years and resulting in large numbers of casualties, the war represented a total war in which nations devoted all of the resources at their disposal to the war effort. Before this time, wars were fought by trained armies sent to fight on a battlefield, and had little impact on the lives of civilians not involved in the fighting. However, during World War One, governments controlled the economyRead MoreThe World War I Is War1653 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War I is war famous for European nations fighting against themselves. It began to take shape when countries like France and Germany beginning to form their own allies. It all started with the powerful Austria-Hungary wanted to have Serbia as part of their own empire. However a group of Serbian na tionalists known as Black Hands dislike the idea. So they wanted to send a message to the Austria-Hungary government by killing Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Gavrilo Princip, member of the Black Hands,Read MoreThe War Of World War I1419 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One, also known as the First Word War, The Great War and The War To End All Wars took place in Europe from 1914 to 1918. Being a soldier In World War One would have been one of the most dangerous, yet exciting things that a man could have ever done. The war would have put a tremendous amount of physical demands on soldiers, and yet they had to keep fighting even though deep down they knew that they were only small when compared to the grand scheme of war. World War One consisted of threeRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1279 Words   |  6 Pagestreaty that finished World War I was agreed upon by Germany and the Allies at the Palace of Versailles in Paris. The main three Allies showed their interest: British Prime Minis ter David Lloyd George, French Premier George Clemenceau and US President Woodrow Wilson. The Great War had crushed Europe. Limitless territories of north-western Europe were diminished to almost nothing; French and Belgian towns and towns had vanished from the map without any trace of existence. The war destroyed EuropeansRead MoreThe War Of The World War I Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pageschanges. The world had only just recently gotten out of the Great Depression which lasted for over ten years. Also, after the â€Å"War Guilt Clause† of the Treay of Versailles was signed in 1918 to end World War I, most of the blame for the war was awarded to Germany. This caused tension to build up over the next twenty years and due to a random act on Poland by Germany, World War II was declared. World War II lasted from 1939 until 1945 and was seen as one of the bloodiest wars the world has ever knownRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1523 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s been over a ce ntury since Austria declared war on Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, sparked a war that was to end all others. It clearly did not. Countless wars and conflicts have been fought since, each evolving into something different than the last. As a result, modern warfare has evolved into something completely different than that of a century ago. Although war is fought for fundamentally the same reasons, warfare, as it is practicedRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1456 Words   |  6 Pagesamongst potentially antagonistic states; Unfortunately, what statesmen had not imagined was that the world had to witness to the slaughter of the First World War to achieve such dream. However, precisely because of the the devastation and chaos caused by the war, the establishment of a general association of states was crucial, and needed to be constructed as quickly as possible. In addition, as World War I pointed out a fundamental flaw in The Balance of Power System, therefore, its malfunctions couldRead MoreThe War Of World War I1328 Words   |  6 PagesIt is the year 1944, the year when the U.S joined the war of World War 2. It morning and you are on a battleship. You are on the landing hangar with everyone who will go to battle. The three captains rally up everyone in your group including you. One of the captain said,â€Å"Today it will be the symbol of how Germany started to fall apart†. The other captain would say ,â€Å"That right, there will not be any mistakes or we would give them an opportunity to spread far and wide and they would get even moreRead MoreWorld War I As The War1771 Words   |  8 PagesEnd All Wars knew World War I as the War. This massive war involved thirty-two countries but a country that had a very important role was Russia. In the beginning two sides formed, the allies and the central powers. Russia was the first to mobilize its army because it came to the aid of its ally Serbia after the assassination of their Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a terrorist group from Austria-Hungary. In result of Russia mobilizing it’s army, Germany, who was in support of Austria-Hungary, declared

Indigenous Studies Torres Islanders Group

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Studiesfor Torres Islanders Group. Answer: Introduction: In the post-colonial government era, it is seen that among the total indigenous people in the Australia, 90% people are aboriginal people, 4% are both the Torres Island and Aboriginal people and 6% people are the people of the Torres Strait Island. There are significant differences in their cultural, social as well as the linguistic customs among different Torres Islanders group and the aboriginal groups. Among the indigenous people, there are several regional groups also that are Ngunnawal, Nyungar, Nunga and Murrawarri people. It is estimated that the indigenous population in all over Australia is between the 318000 and 1000000. As the Aboriginal people have not adapted the modern culture, then the government has taken several steps to protect them, among those steps some activity helps them, and some events create problems for them. Some historical events related to the aboriginals are the land rights, stolen generations, and use of treaties etcetera. This assignment is intended t o focus on the stolen generations and describes the effect of this event on Australian aboriginals. Stolen generation is the children of the Torres Islander people and aboriginals who were mainly removed by the government for protecting those children from abuse. Historical Practice or Event from the Australian history and its Influence on the Lives of Indigenous Australians: There are several events such as stolen generations, use of treaties, the tent embassy and land rights etcetera that fact Australian history in different times. This assignment looks after the stolen generations of the Australian history. As stated by Bruce Hallinan (2011), stolen generation or the stolen children are those children belonging from the Torres Strait Islander as well as the Australian Aboriginal people who were removed by the state as well as the federal government agencies that are acting under the own parliament. Those children were removed from the period of 1905 to 1969, for removing the half-caste children. Along with that, some removals also occurred to the mixed race children and their discharges were happened in the year of 1970. The primary motivation behind this stolen generation was protecting the child; the people believed that Aboriginal people of the Australia might die while they will come into contact with the white people. The belief was that miscegen ation among the Australian Aboriginal people and the white people might create the children who are mixed race in nature. As per the viewpoint of Lecouteur Augoustinos (2013), the state and the federal government was removed those mixed race children to protect them after their white men father abandoned them because government think that those children may get abused and neglected by their family. After removing those children from their family, the government of the Australia send them to different institution and foster care. For authorising the removal of the child they also have established a act, which was Victorian Aboriginal Protection Act 1869. By implementing this bill, the state and the federal government remove their children from their Aboriginal mother (Povinelli, 2012). The Aboriginal protector was acted as the guardian of the mixed-race native child of the age group of 16 to the 21. There was not any accurate counting that how many children were removed from their o riginal mother but it is estimated by conducting a national enquiry that almost 100000 children were removed from their mother. The report stated that in several cases the children were brutally removed from their family, even immediate after their birth when they were a baby. By implementing the Aboriginals Act 1905, they removed the children from their parents and in some cases they also force their parents to sign the legal documents that state that they are leaving the legal guardianship of those children (McHoul Rapley, 2012). The stole generation event has a terrible effect on the aboriginals which is also on-going. It is seen that due to that practice aboriginal people were facing a range of personal as well as social problems such as violence, dependence upon the welfare, mental illness and the alcoholism. However, there are more issues that the stolen children were suffered. According to Whitlock (2014), due to the stolen generation events, all of the children were forced to accept the white culture by forgetting their aboriginal heritage. It is seen that in some cases those mixed race children were adopted by some white families, but that also creates huge problems because it is tough for maximum white families to adopt those children who are half cast in nature. Therefore, in maximum cases, those children were faced abuse. Due to that incident, fear was raised among the aboriginals and makes them more rejection to adapt the modern culture because no mother wants that someone creates a distance betwee n them and their children (Mellor, Bretherton Firth, 2011). This removal program of children creates loneliness, low self-esteem along with the loss of identity among them. In the present time, those children are searching for their actual mother to meet them (Moss, 2011). This loneliness also creates a problem to find appropriate jobs and makes them alone in this world. Moreover, this stolen generation also creates a sense of the mistrust among both the children and their mother. It is seen that in most of the cases their children cannot know their exact cases so that in the later time they faces problem to make their legal documents. As stated by Veracini (2013), this incident also creates internal guilt among the children because wrong information is mainly supplied by the government and their substitute parents that create the huge effect in mind among those children. However, the stolen generation incident happened so many years ago and currently, those stolen children are sear ching for their birth parents, some of them have found their actual parents and some did not find them. This searching creates an enormous negative spark in those children who are full grown now. It has been observed that from those children most of the children were become alcoholic in nature and became depressed in their life. Some of them also attempted suicide and addicted to some dangerous drugs. The emotional, as well as the social impact of those removals, were very terrible in several cases. However, the reason behind the removal was to re-socialise the mixed race children and helps them to integrate into the modern world, but it was noticed that removed aboriginals are not improving compared to the non-removed indigenous people. However, the removed children show the same results as compared to those who were not removed by the state and the federal government. As described by Ypinazar et al. (2015), it has been observed the children that were removed have the same mentality like the non-removed children, but they get more chances to complete the secondary education as compared to the non-removed children. This is because; in the early day's Aboriginal people do not have the rights to complete any post-secondary education. Therefore, it can be said that the removed children are attaining the schools with the non-aboriginal students also. Therefore, having knowledge's rega rding the stolen generation can help the educators to understand the mind of the removed Aboriginal children so that they can provide those children an adequate education. In the early childhood schools and the primary studies different process must be followed to give education to children. Therefore, knowledge's regarding the background of the children is most important to evaluate the right procedure to provide them with an education. According to Haebich (2011), for this reason, the educator must have sufficient knowledge regarding the stolen generation. Moreover, this event is important for the instructor to know because it helps the teacher to generate a calendar regarding different national and local events that are celebrated by the aboriginal people. Moreover, this event will also help them to understand the educational setting and course curriculum to involve those children in the educational setting. Therefore, by discussing the overall study it can be said, the overall s tolen generation can help them to make an effective decision regarding the teaching method (Gray Beresford, 2012). Arguments that Supports the Learning and Education of the Indigenous Australian Culture as well as Perspectives in Early Childhood: It is seen that the people of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander have a deep sense regarding the community life, spiritually and respects towards the ancestors of them. However, the colonisation in the Australia rapidly and highly changes the lifestyle of the indigenous Australian people (Lawrence, 2010). It has been observed that among the total percentage of the indigenous children, 75% aboriginal children who are aged between the three and half years to four and half years of age so not attend any early childhood learning. Among the 25% people who participate in the early childhood education, 34% child attend the kinder garden, 30% adapt the community-based school. It is seen that different factors affect the early childhood learning of any child that are an addiction, mental health, poverty, violence in the family etcetera. It has been observed that in early childhood most of the indigenous people face more abuses as compared to the non-indigenous people. Therefore, t o save the Aboriginal people from different types of violations, it is important to provide adequate educations, but it is not so easy to give education to the natives by the non-aboriginal teachers because aboriginals follow cultures in every perspective and it is difficult for non-aboriginals to know the culture of them (Lawrence, Montgomery Monson-Wilbraham, 2010). Therefore, to provide them with an effective level of education, following culture is mostly important. Different strategies are mainly adapted to provide education to the aboriginal people who include the transition to the program in the school, creating an active relationship and generating a productive culture to make collaboration among the community and schools. It is seen that Aboriginal guardian can be involved by facilitating different programs on the school grounds (Rowlands, 2010). It is seen all of the aboriginal parents comes to schools in almost regularly and actively participates in the personal learning plan of their children. For involving the parents in the teaching process of the children in the early childhood, schools adapt different methods so that they can maintain the attendance of most of the Aboriginal students. Moreover, to make teachers follow the culture of the aboriginals with more effectively, some of the schools that teach aboriginals involved their teacher in the collaborative study. Different schools havetaken several steps to provide quality teaching t o their aboriginal students by making an active collaboration among the parents, community and the teacher. As per the viewpoint of Gray Beresford, (2012), for providing skills and learning to the students in early childhood different school has adapted a successful teaching model such as the involvement of the community. As to provide effective learning to the aboriginal children, the role of their parent is very much important so that different schools makes learning flags and spaces more dedicated so that they can effectively welcome the parents of the aboriginal children. Along with that, transition with various Aboriginal families helps the teachers to understand which teaching process is culturally appropriate so that they can teach their students according to the culture of them. It is seen in the Australia, the problem regarding the early childhood education of the aboriginal people are mainly occurring because of the less involvement of the parents (Rigney, 2010). It is seen that, in the earlier childhood, the participation of the parents is must because in home they are their childs teacher. Therefore, the different strategy such as cognitive retraining, particular services, skills training etcetera is adapted in the Australia to provide education to the parents. Moreover, the Australian government has applied programs regarding the home visiting so that they can help the parents to deal their children so that they can provide adequate education to the children. However, there is one consideration that needs to be effectively followed, which is for understanding the exact position of the aboriginals and to understand the effect of the colonisation on them all of the programs need to be culturally strong. Moreover, while providing educations to the aboriginals, then the educators must have a good honour regarding the cultures, history, traditions and lifestyles of the indigenous people (Turner, Richards Sanders, 2012). The educators must teach the students according to the culture of the indigenous people, and they need to have respect for the living standard of them. As stated by Ypinazar et al. (2015), the practical and developed outcome can be achieved by building the confidence in the mind of the parents by working with them more efficiently. Along with that, creating the sense of positive development in the community can help any educator to teach indigenous people with more effectiveness. Conclusions: The above discussion describes the fact that from the beginning of the colonisation in the Australia different incidents positively and negatively affect indigenous people. Along with that, due to colonisation the culture, society and the community are also mixed with each other that create the stolen generation incidents. The government was tried to save those children from different harmful effect that they might face in their birthplace because they are not straight aboriginal people. In the present time, the government has taken several education schemes so that they can educate aboriginals. Different programs have taken by the government to make them adapted the modern culture, but somehow those programs did not create useful results. In the present times, different activities are initiated by the government to teach the Aboriginal people so that they can be literate and adapt the modern culture. It is seen that some of the indigenous population have accepted education efficient ly and send their children to schools and some of them did not take that. Therefore, to make them educated, the different education-related program must be initiated by the government that must be initiated by considering the indigenous culture. Reference List: Bruce, T., Hallinan, C. (2011). The quest for an Australian identity.Sports stars: The cultural politics of sporting celebrity, 257 Lecouteur, A., Augoustinos, M. (2013). Apologising to the stolen generations: Argument, rhetoric, and identity in public reasoning.Australian Psychologist,36(1), 51-61. McHoul, A., Rapley, M. (Eds.). (2012).How to analyse talk in institutional settings: A casebook of methods. AC Black Whitlock, G. (2014). In the second person: Narrative transactions in stolen generations testimony.Biography,24(1), 197-214. Moss, M. (2011). Broken circles to a different identity: an exploration of identity for children in outof?home care in Queensland, Australia.Child Family Social Work,14(3), 311-321. Veracini, L. (2013). Of a contested ground'and an indelible stain': a difficult reconciliation between Australia and its Aboriginal history during the 1990s and 2000s.Aboriginal History,27, 224-239. Ypinazar, V. A., Margolis, S. A., Haswell-Elkins, M., Tsey, K. (2015). Indigenous Australians understandings regarding mental health and disorders.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,41(6), 467-478 Haebich, A. (2011). Forgetting Indigenous histories: Cases from the history of Australia's stolen generations.Journal of social history,44(4), 1033-1046 Gray, J., Beresford, Q. (2012). A formidable challenge: Australia's quest for equity in Indigenous education.Australian Journal of Education,52(2), 197-223 Mellor, D., Bretherton, D., Firth, L. (2011). Aboriginal and nonAboriginal Australia: The dilemma of apologies, forgiveness, and reconciliation.Peace and Conflict,13(1), 11-36 Povinelli, E. A. (2012).The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the making of Australian multiculturalism. Duke University Press Lawrence M (2010). Yorgum Aboriginal Family Counselling Service. Family Relationships Quarterly 14:1921. Lawrence M, Montgomery B Monson-Wilbraham L (2010). Healthy Family Circle Program. A partnership between Mugen-Gal Aboriginal Corporation and Relationships Australia (NSW). Family Relationships Quarterly 17:1718. Rowlands J (2010). Services are not enough: child well-being in an unequal society. Journal of Children's Services 5(3):808. Rigney L-I (2010). Indigenous education: the challenge of change. Every Child 16(4):1011. Turner, K. M., Richards, M., Sanders, M. R. (2012). Randomised clinical trial of a group parent education programme for Australian Indigenous families.Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,43(6), 429-437

Female power in Macbeth and The Laboratory free essay sample

Likewise Lady Macbeth exploits her sexual hold over Macbeth as means to persuade him to commit murder. And you would be so much How do the writers explore female power in Macbeth and ‘The Laboratory’? In this essay I will be writing about female power in Macbeth and ‘The Laboratory’. I will be analyzing them both to show the similarities and differences between the two pieces. Both include a strong, crafty and dominant female character and Shakespeare and Browning explore these characters fully and in great detail. Both the speaker in ‘The Laboratory’ and Lady Macbeth strive to maintain their innocent images. The speaker in ‘The Laboratory’ wants to kill by means of administering a harmless looking object. She describes the potion as being an ‘yonder soft phial, the exquisite blue’ leading the reader to believe that what is actually deadly, is not. The speaker remains above reproach free to reclaim her love. We will write a custom essay sample on Female power in Macbeth and The Laboratory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lady Macbeth is a sinister character, she tells Macbeth he must ‘look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t’. In other words he must portray pure and innocent qualities whilst being prepared to act with murderous intent. The key words in this quotation are â€Å"innocent† and â€Å"serpent†. They are a contracting pair demonstrating the manipulative and two faced nature of Lady Macbeth. Both Browning and Shakespeare build their characters in this way to ensure the audience are left with no sympathy for them. Both writers skillfully paint a picture of vengeful women who are prepared to stop at nothing to achieve their desires. Lady Macbeth uses flirtatious behavior and language in the same way the speaker in ‘The Laboratory’. Their aim is to seduce the male characters in order to get what they want. In ‘ The Laboratory’ the narrator uses sexual blackmail to encourage the apothecary to believe that it is acceptable for him to create the poison. She takes great pleasure in watching its preparation, she is hungry for revenge. Yet when it is finished she says ‘You may kiss me old man on my mouth,’ she clearly wants to reward his actions with a degree of intimacy rather than any financial reward; She is willing to use her sexual allure to get what she wants. In this way she is transgressing her marriage vows by seeking intimate contact with a man other than her husband whilst using her natural attractiveness to her benefit. Likewise Lady Macbeth exploits her sexual hold over Macbeth as means to persuade him to commit murder. And you would be so much more a man Lady Macbeth uses this as sexual blackmail to convince Macbeth into killing King Duncan. This works because Macbeth wants to impress his wife and to show her that he deserves his manhood. Both characters have this quality in common its hows the audience how manipulative they can be. Both the speaker in The a Laboratory and Lady Macbeth use persuasive language as a means of exerting power over men. Lady Macbeth persuades a husband to obey her through the use of shock tactics. Other than titillating him she says that she would have clashed the brains out of her child than breaking a promise to have killed the King. In this way she seems pretty disregarding of her responsibility as a potential mother and viciously brutal. The audience in Shakespeares time would have considered her to be unatural as she does not seem bothered by the horrible image she has created. The speaker in the Laboratory uses compliments and flattery to persuade the apothecary that making the poison is an okay thing to do. Thee and thy treasures is used as an example of how the narrator bigs up his work. Browning and Shakespeare use this to show female power because it shows that both of the characters have so much power over men.

aol essays

aol essays NEW YORK-America Online, Inc. (NYSE: AOL) and Time Warner Inc. (NYSE: TWX) announced today the management team and structure for AOL Time Warners finance organization, which will take effect upon completion of the merger of the two companies. In making the announcement, J. Michael Kelly, currently AOLs chief financial officer and senior vice president, who will become chief financial officer and executive vice president of AOL Time Warner, said: We have assembled an extraordinarily talented group of finance executives from throughout AOL and Time Warner, drawing on the strengths of both companies. This is the first step in building the foundation for a world-class finance function. We have the right team, with the right combination of skills and experience, to support the financial and strategic goals of the company and to help us realize the tremendous potential of our merger. Gerald M. Levin, chairman and CEO of Time Warner, who will become CEO of AOL Time Warner, said: "Today's executive appointments will provide AOL Time Warner with an experienced, top-flight, hard-driving financial organization which can establish the operating metrics to support the growth opportunities that will help drive our continually accelerating performance." The following executives were named to key finance positions at AOL Time Warner: John LaBarca, senior vice president, financial operations. LaBarcas responsibilities will include merger integration tracking, internal audit and purchasing. He is currently senior vice president, financial operations at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1993. Frederick Yeager, senior vice president, finance. Yeagers responsibilities will include advising corporate senior management on key financial issues and representing the CFO on other matters. Yeager is currently vice president, finance and development at Time Warner Inc. He joined Time Warner in 1995. Ja...

Globalization may change the nature and behavior of companies that Essay

Globalization may change the nature and behavior of companies that engage in large-scale international coordination, which in tu - Essay Example Offshoring is the process of establishing business units in overseas countries. It helps companies to exploit the natural resources and cheap labour available in other countries. For example, global organizations are currently competing each other for establishing business units in China and India like cheap labour oriented countries. It should be noted that cost cutting is necessary for international companies to stay competitive in international market. Since American and European countries are facing severe manpower shortage, companies in these countries forced to establish business units or manufacturing units in cheap labour oriented countries. Pepsi, Microsoft, Apple Inc. Dell, Sony, Samsung etc are some of the prominent organizations which have already established manufacturing or business units in China. It is impossible for an American company to use only American workforce in their business units in China. Same way, it is impossible for a Chinese company to operate successf ully in India or Europe with the help of Chinese workforce alone. Since locals have better knowledge about domestic market, it is necessary for international companies to employ locals so that the company can exploit the market potentials well. Even though offshoring business helps companies to increase their competitive power, it brings certain challenges also. Management of diverse workforce is one of the prominent challenges facing by international companies while operating cross culturally. This paper analyses the HR policy changes that brought by globalization in the nature and behaviour of companies that engage in large-scale international coordination. 2.0 Globalization and cross cultural business Outsourcing and offshoring are some of the revolutionary business strategies introduced by globalization. As part of outsourcing and offshoring, business travels from one country to another country. In other words, cross cultural business is increasing day by day because of globaliz ation. It would be difficult for international companies to limit their attention in one country alone, when many other countries offer huge opportunities. Majority of the international companies are already saturated in their domestic soil and they need opportunities in overseas market to grow further. For example, Starbucks is an American company which has coffee shops virtually in every corner of America. In other words, it would be almost impossible for Starbucks to formulate its expansion strategies based on opportunities in America alone. Globalization has offered many opportunities to Starbucks like companies in overseas countries. In fact countries are currently competing each other, in attracting foreign direct investments. In short, the global climate for international business is extremely good at present and no major companies can stay away from the opportunities offered by other countries. According to Ivancevich (2006, p.5), â€Å"human resource management is action o riented, people oriented, globally oriented and future oriented†. It is necessary for international organizations to integrate HRM issues into their strategic plans (Beardwell, & Claydon, 2007). It would be impossible for modern organizations to work with a single cultural workforce in a heavily globalized business world.

Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Judaism - Research Paper Example Even though evidence cannot be provided for the existence of the one or may Supreme beings, there is evidence for the power of religion. There are numerous religions across the globe. However, the most distinct one are Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. These religions have symbols, narratives, and sacred histories whose purpose is to explain the meaning and origin of life. In the same way, from their beliefs about human nature, the people may derive ethics, morality, and religious laws. The religions have the clergy, organised behaviours, Holy Scriptures, holy places, and a definition of what makes up adherence. The practice of religion may also include things like commemoration, feats, festivals, prayer, sacrifices, sermons, and rituals. Besides that, they also have myths, funerary services, and other aspects of the human culture. Drawing on a variety of sources, the paper will address Judaism history and the present practice. It has been evidenced that Judaism is among the oldest religions on earth that exist until today. Its history, traditions, and beliefs are recorded in the Hebrew Bible. Judaism is a religious tradition that dates back to about 4,000 years ago, and is rooted in the eastern region of Canaan. Canaan is the biblical name of the region between River Jordan and the Mediterranean. This is the equivalent of the current Palestinian and Israel territories (Shahak, 1994). This was during the Bronze Age in the Middle East. Even though the Jewish calendar dates back to more than five thousand years ago, various scholars argue that the commencement of the Judaism faith is linked to the Israelites and their forefather Abraham. This is estimated to be around 164 B.C.E. The beliefs and practices of the classical Judaism did not emerge until the 1st century (Schachter-Shalomi & Segel, 2013). In this regard, Judaism

Staying Friends With Your Ex After Divorce Essay Example for Free

Staying Friends With Your Ex After Divorce Essay Once the ink is dry on the divorce papers, it seems that some exes are becoming friends with each other. I am always surprised to hear that a divorced couple becomes so close again after everything ended. I would assume that they were unhappy together and looking forward to meeting new people and finding new ways to spend their time. The BFF with your ex phenomena is not fiction. These days, in many post-divorce situations its become fact. Recently, I attended a friends daughters wedding. He had been divorced from his ex-wife for many years and didnt speak much about her. At the reception, I was surprised to see that his relationship with the ex-spouse appeared to be sweeter than the wedding cake. They were chatting up a storm. Laughing at each others jokes. Dancing closely together. Sharing stories with their friends over cocktails. They were even feeding each other wedding cake, acting as though they had just met and fallen in love! I found this to be truly fascinating. Sure, I have heard of exes being civil following their split, even spending holidays together. However, this seemed to be more than just a cordial hello and how have you been? Curious about what would prompt two people to rekindle a friendship after a divorce, I pulled my friend aside and asked him about it. Point blank, he told me that he and his ex-wife were best friends. Best friends? I thought. Really? He went on to say nothings perfect and that maybe they expected too much from each other during the marriage. Now, they both feel that they make better friends than they did a married couple. Staying close with your ex In Hollywood, it seems that being close with your ex is becoming commonplace, as well. Kate Hudson and her ex-husband Chris Robinson were spotted recently at a park in Malibu with their son. Also in attendance were Robinsons present wife and their daughter. Ashlee Simpson and Pete Wentz who filed for divorce, both made it publically known that they still care for each other. It looks like time does heal all wounds and family comes first. In all of these cases, children were involved and its great to see that many parents put aside any hard feelings so they can focus on the needs of their children.

The Theme of Man vs. Environment in The Grapes of Wrath :: Grapes Wrath essays

The Theme of Man vs. Environment in The Grapes of Wrath  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Grapes of Wrath is a novel by John Steinbeck that exposes the desperate conditions under which the migratory farm families of America during the 1930's live under.  Ã‚   The novel tells of one families migration west to California through the great economic depression of the 1930's.   The Joad family had to abandon their home and their livelihoods.   They had to uproot and set adrift because tractors were rapidly industrializing their farms.   The bank took possession of their land because the owners could not pay off their loan.   The novel shows how the Joad family deals with moving to California. How they survive the cruelty of the land owners that take advantage of them, their poverty and willingness to work.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Grapes of Wrath combines Steinbeck adoration of the land, his simple hatred of corruption resulting from materialism (money) and his abiding faith in the common people to overcome the hostile environment.   The novel opens with a retaining picture of nature on rampage.   The novel shows the men and women that are unbroken by nature.   The theme is one of man verses a hostile environment.   His body destroyed but his spirit is not broken.   The method used to develop the theme of the novel is through the use of symbolism. There are several uses of symbols in the novel from the turtle at the beginning to the rain at the end.  Ã‚   As each symbol is presented through the novel they show examples of the good and the bad things that exist within the novel.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The opening chapter paints a vivid picture of the situation facing the drought-stricken farmers of Oklahoma. Dust is described a covering everything, smothering the life out of anything that wants to grow.   The dust is symbolic of the erosion of the lives of the people.   The dust is synonymous with "deadness". The land is ruined ^way of life (farming) gone, people ^uprooted and forced to leave.   Secondly, the dust stands for ^profiteering banks in the background that squeeze the life out the land by forcing the people off the land. The soil, the people (farmers) have been drained of life and are exploited:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last rain fell on the red and gray country of Oklahoma in early May.   The weeds became a dark green to protect themselves from the sun's unyielding rays.

Law and Legal Instrumentalism Essay

Law, a set of coherent rules and values within a society, is a human process. As such, it is crucial to approach its application within society in a pragmatic and realistic sense rather than a formal one, which views law as a set of mechanical and abstract principles. A legal realist approach on law takes into account extra-legal factors which help shape how law is used within a social context. This approach does not view the discipline of law as a literal set of principles to be formally detected and applied, but recognizes that the interpretation of law by legal actors is manipulated by situational factors. BrianTamanaha in Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law examines how law, originally understood as an â€Å"instrumental to serve the social good†, is now just a mere instrument to further the goals and agendas of those who have access in its use (Tamanaha, 4). In essence, the notion of a common â€Å"social good† is no longer a qualifiable condition of law. In a complex, multi-faceted society, it is optimistic to presume that there is a true identifiable social good. Thus, lawyers, legislatures, judges and other legal actors are capable of using law to further their personal or collective political, social and economic interests. Tamanaha examines the ways in which legal actors, specifically cause litigants and judges, instrumentally exercise law. Thus, the term instrumentalism, a form of legal realism, is a pragmatic method which stems away from a formal application of law by critically examining cause litigation and judicial activism. Although law may be used as a mechanism to achieve a certain outcome, it is not used lawlessly and without merit as lawyers are advocating for a broad social cause and judges use law based on the merits of the constitution, given the benefit of time and postulated reason of their decision making. Brown, a case regarding segregation within the United States emerged with lawyers stirring up lawsuits by informing African American citizens of their legal rights (Tamanaha 159). The process of instigating litigation was previously prohibited in common law practice; it was not professionally ethical for lawyers to set lawsuits in motion. However, it became increasingly common for lawyers to achieve change in public policy and legislation by fighting for a specific cause within the judicial arena. This ethod was forward-looking in that the courts became a battle field for interest groups seeking remedial change; the decision of the law was not necessarily to compensate for any harm inflicted in the past, but to change the policy in the future. This expansion from the traditional bilateral litigation no longer was to award the affected parties with compensation, but became a method to attain a reformative decree (Tamanaha 161). Eventually, cause litigation was an encouraged means to a dvance societal goals, in the sectors of environment protection, political reform and mental health, to name a few (Tamanaha 160). Although such issues of public policy appear to benefit society as a whole, the intent of the cause lawyers who instigate such legal actions is questionable to Tamanaha. The lawyers in these situations are no longer amoral technicians of law, but individuals who seek their own ideological implementation (Tamanaha 156). The cause which lawyers strive towards becomes the primary concern, whereas the clients themselves are secondary, fulfilling the standing requirement before the court (Tamanaha 156). This can be very detrimental to the clients because they may not be aware of the consequences of their legal actions. For instance, Baehr v. Lewin, 1993 was a successful lawsuit brought forth to legalize same-sex marriage in Hawaii. Although the litigants won, the ultimate consequence was detrimental; following it was a series of amendments nation-wide which prohibited same-sex marriage (Tamanaha 167). The battlefield within the court became not a place to determine legal rights, but a remedial catalyst in public policy. Such political battles focus on adversarial ideologies rather than legal rules and merit. However, the work of cause litigants cannot be narrowly categorized as one that is purely self-serving. More often than not, cause lawyers instigate lawsuits by informing the oppressed and disadvantaged of their rights. By doing so, they use law to encourage political change to the otherwise uninformed public. These causes often grow to become social movements as it â€Å"provides the basis for a sustained series of interactions between power holders and persons successfully claiming to speak on behalf of a constituency lacking formal representation (Austin 2)†. This formal epresentation demands change from the power holders with a strong backing of social support. Often, these groups lack the resources and skills which lawyers can provide, offering their advice to enlighten the marginalized group to â€Å"initiate and nurture political mobilization† (Austin 4). The instrumental use of law by judges is immensely threatening to the judicial system and to a democratic soc iety as a whole. Judges who use law to achieve a certain outcome undermines the rule of law. The legal system requires that judges be objective arbitrators of the law. As independent bodies, it is essential that they remain impartial in their decision making and delegate based on rule, and not personal preferences (Tamanaha 227). This is a crucial aspect of the rule of law, which binds the action of the state to pre-fixed rules, placing judges equal under and before the law, just as all other subjects of society. The rule of law ensures transparency and predictability which prevents the government from ruling coercively. It is an essential component to a democratic state. However, when judges decide a cases, they may be inclined to achieve a particular result. In essence, they are using laws to achieving another end, namely one that strengthens their own ideological beliefs and interests. Whether it is a certain political philosophy or a particular social policy which they seek, arbitrarily decided cases and manipulated law enforcement defeats the characteristics of the judicial branch of the state. Because there is no particular hierarchy of values, judges are able to promote some while extinguishing others. The general terms of legal rules allows judges to focus on the consequences of their decision. Their decisions will naturally be based on their political affiliations or ideological tendencies. Consequently, it is difficult to believe that judges are truly impartial in decision making. The result of judicial activism is that private attitudes become public law (Tamanaha 234). Furthermore, the procedural process of the case takes a backwards approach; the decision is made first, then it is justified by the legal rules which judges find applicable (Tamanaha 236) Nevertheless, there is a certain form of procedure which judges are bound to. Although values are not ranked hierarchically, there are two forms of rights obtained from the constitution: specified rights and secondary rights (Bork 17). The latter is of utmost importance as it addresses the values held by the constitution, such as the right to vote or procedures in criminal processing, all which the courts need to protect (Bork 17). The former alludes to the principled rules which the original framers of the text intended to convey (Bork 17). Because constitutional law does not have a concrete theoretical premise on which adjudicators are required to base their decision making processes on, they are founded on neutral principles. That is, issues are addressed based on general principles postulated on reason to ensure that conflicting values are not lawlessly chosen over one another (Bork 2). Granted, there are adversaries in the legal principles to which judges ascribe. Therefore, it is critical for the judges to recognize that in deciding cases, they are setting legal precedent, and therefore should have a firm belief that the values being applied are done so lawfully. These beliefs are in relation to the legal system as a whole, not their personal preferences (Bork 2). Ultimately, Bork’s concern lies not with the decisions made by judges but what makes their decisions legitimate. The courts essentially work as advocates for the minority who otherwise would have no say on the issue at hand. Helping the powerless realize their rights is a form of advocacy that judges take. It is not about undermining the rule of law, but giving opportunity to access the law (Bork 3). Nevertheless, it is crucial for judges to base their decisions off of neutral principles; just as principles and values cannot be applied lawlessly, they just the same cannot be defined lawlessly (Bork 8). The critical examination of judicial review goes beyond it’s obvious implications and expositions of undermining the rule of rule. It is unfair to presume that judges are completely unreasoned in their decision making. There is a level of predictability as judges are bound to legal precedent and cannot decide cases in an tyrannical manner. Although the courts are not elected officials who are granted the power to delegitimize legislation, they are in many ways better equipped in making such decisions. For instance, the courts are distanced from political or social pressure allows them to make sound decisions in a timely matter. Elected officials tend to act on expediency and pressure when it comes to making value-based decisions (Bickel 25). Essentially, they are inclined towards one side of the issue in order to appeal to the interest of the predominate voters, as opposed to abiding to the fundamental values of law (Bickel 25). Judges on the other hand make decisions far from societal pressures, with more leeway in terms of time. This gives the courts the ability to make more calculated decisions, taking into consideration not only the fundamental values of the state but also the unforeseen implications of a decision. (Bickel 26) In dealing with the pith and substance of a case, decisions are argued to be â€Å"sober second thoughts† (Bickel 26). Ultimately, the use of law within a judicial context by judges and lawyers is not an arbitrarily unfair process. Such legal actors are bound to the values of the laws within society. Such values are premised on the rule of law, the foundational concept of a democratic society. Cause litigants are often involved in social issues and advocate for those who require a formal delegate. These cause lawyers may use law in such a way to achieve a certain outcome, but this outcome results in change in public policy to those who are otherwise be unaware of their legal rights. Moreover, although judges may have their own social desires and political preferences, they cannot easily sway towards them. Their professional duty requires them to be consciously rule-bound and rely on the precedent. Further, the basis of their decision is on neutral principles. Such principles are not vague and abstract, but stem from the precedent of previous judges in common law. Instrumentalism is pragmatic in that it recognizes that law is not a math; there is not a formula which judges rely on. However, social movements and changes through the judiciary ensures that fresh insight is continuously brought about within society, giving room for social change and progress.

The Personnel Earthquake Continuum Consequences Of...

The case study we chose was â€Å"The personnel earthquake continuum: Consequences of collective turnover - A case study of Qidian Founders Collective Turnover.† Qidian is an online literature company in China. They are credited for developing the business model that almost all online literature companies use in China. While most studies on turnover concentrate on â€Å"causes and processes† (Wang, Yuan, Chen, 2016) of collective turnover, this study focusses on the â€Å"consequences† (Wang et al., 2016) of collective turnover. Qidian Founders’ collective turnover is used for this study, where they show the consequences of collective turnover. In this study Qidian Founders’ collective turnover was monitored for 14 months. The goal of the study was to â€Å"analyze the consequences of collective turnover and present a theoretical framework of collective turnover in this study.† (Wang et al., 2016), meaning the research will not only provide consequences, but a set of procedures on what can be done to manage these the loss associated with collective turnover. The foundation for this study was based on Qindian Founders’ need to better understand the effect of turnover either negative or positive within their company. Key Issues The problems with collective turnover are addressed by Wang, Yuan and Chen in this study. These issues are outlined in what they refer to as â€Å"consequences of collective turnover† (Wang et al., 2016). Per this study, â€Å"The complicated effects of collective turnover areShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesdeveloping strategies and ensure that human resource dimensions are considered. almost 18%. Over 40 work teams meet regularly to discuss work goals, track their performance against established measures, and discuss problems and issues. Employee turnover is also extremely low in most areas. Transitions in HR management are also paying off in the Bank of Montreal, based in Montreal, Quebec. Emphasizing human resources has involved 35,000 employees in organizational success. This recognition meantRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTransformational Leadership 382 Authentic Leadership: Ethics and Trust 386 What Is Authentic Leadership? 386 †¢ Ethics and Leadership 386 †¢ Servant Leadership 387 †¢ Trust and Leadership 387 †¢ How Is Trust Developed? 389 †¢ Trust as a Process 390 †¢ What Are the Consequences of Trust? 390 Leading for the Future: Mentoring 391 Mentoring 391 Challenges to the Leadership Construct 393 Leadership as a n Attribution 393 †¢ Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership 394 †¢ Online Leadership 395 Finding and Creating EffectiveRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesfor the workers who actually produced the cars many human and social problems resulted. With simpliï ¬ cation of the work process, workers grew to hate the monotony of the moving conveyor belt. By 1914 Ford’s car plants were experiencing huge employee turnover—often reaching levels as high as 300 or 400 percent per year as workers left because they could not handle the work-induced stress.11 Henry Ford recognized these problems and made an announcement: Ethics in Action Jones−George: ContemporaryRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagessurface project issues that have to be addressed and assigned for action. After the meeting Rachel goes down the hallway to meet with Victoria, another IS project manager. They spend 30 minutes reviewing project assignments since the two of them share personnel. Victoria’s project is behind schedule and in need of help. They broker a deal that should get Victoria’s project back on track. She returns to her office and makes several phone calls and returns several e-mails before walking downstairs to visitRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 Pagesin which the automotive companies make the most profits. Although not all retail customers are the same, as yet there are not clear classifications for groups of customers. Figure 2-1 illustrates how various customer types can be plotted along a continuum: at one end is the serious buyer and at the other is the serious shopper. T he serious buyer is a person who needs a vehicle within a short time frame. This type of buyer shops for price and value and will compromise on vehicle specifications. SomeRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagessomebody to do something you are engaging in marketing. Thus marketing has a broad societal meaning. In fact, the societal view is more truly descriptive of marketing today. Moreover, modern business marketing activities are to a large extent, a consequence of the societal view of marketing. The essence of marketing is a transaction, an exchange intended to satisfy human needs or wants. Consequently, marketing occurs any time on societal limit strive to exchange something of value with another socialRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pageseditions of this textbook and have provided valuable feedback to us directly, or responded to review requests by our publisher, since the first edition in 1991. The list is too long to provide here, but we hope that all of you will accept our collective, anonymous Thank You! Special thanks also go to academic colleagues (mostly current and prior Indiana University faculty and students) who have coauthored content for specific chapters that can still be found in this edition: Susan A. Brown,